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Much Turbo Pascal history (via What is a Delphi DCU file? – Stack Overflow)

May 18, 2021, 10:00 pm
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Editing [WayBack] What is a Delphi DCU file? – Stack Overflow for more historic correctness and adding links prompted me to archive some older material and search for some more, basically because while historically very relevant, link rot makes a lot of that stuff harder and harder to find.

The legendary full page colour advert published in the 12th 1983 issue of Byte Magazine on page 456 is at the bottom of this post (Many BYTE magaine issues have been archived at https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine).

The smaller version below is from WayBack: Sip from the Firehose : November 2008 marks the 25th anniversary of Turbo Pascal v1.0! (this article is not available on the Embarcadero or Idera site any more).

I also included more adverts in reverse chronological order at the end:

The last two via [WayBack] saundby.com: Software for the Ampro Little Board.

–jeroen

The article after my edits (most of it still by David Schwartz):

I believe .dcu generally means “Delphi Compiled Unit” as opposed to a .pas file which is simply “Pascal source code”.

A .dcu file is the file that the DCC compiler produces after compiling the .pas files (.dfm files are converted to binary resources, then directly processed by the linker).

It’s analogous to .o and .obj files that other compilers produce, but contains more information on the symbols (therefore you can reverse engineer the interface section of a unit from it omitting comments and compiler directives).

A .dcu file technically not a “cache” file, although your builds will run faster if you don’t delete them and when doesn’t need to recompile them. A .dcu file is tied to the compiler version that generated it. In that sense it is less portable than .o or .obj files (though they have their share of compatibility problems too)

Here’s some history in case it adds anything.

Compilers have traditionally translated source code languages into some intermediate form. Interpreters don’t do that — they just interpret the language directly and run the application right away. BASIC is the classic example of an interpreted language. The “command line” in DOS and Windows has a language that can be written in files called “batch files” with a .bat extension. But typing things on the command line executed them directly. In *nix environments, there are a bunch of different command-line interpreters (CLIs), such as sh, csh, bash, ksh, and so on. You can create batch files from all of them — this are usually referred to as “scripting languages”. But there are a lot of other languages now that are both interpreted and compiled.

Anyway Java and .Net, for example, compile into something called an intermediate “byte-code” representation.

Pascal was originally written as a single-pass compiler, and Turbo Pascal (originating from PolyPascal) – with different editions for CP/M, CP/M-86 and DOS – directly generated a binary executable (COM) file that ran under those operating systems.

Pascal was originally designed as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring; Turbo Pascal 1 was originally designed as a an IDE with built-in very fast compiler, and an affordable competitor in the the DOS and CP/M market against the long edit/compile/link cycles at that time. Turbo Pascal and Pascal had similar limitations as any programming environment back then: memory and disk space were measured in kilobytes, processor speeds in Megahertz.

Linking to an executable binary prevented you from linking to separately compiled units and libraries.

Before Turbo Pascal, there was UCSD p-System operating system (supporting many languages, including Pascal. The UCSD Pascal compiler back then already extended the Pascal language with units) which compiled into a pseudo-machine byte-code (called p-code) format that allowed linking multiple units together. It was slow though,

Meanwhile, c evolved in VAX and Unix environments, and it compiled into .o files, which meant “object code” as opposed to “source code”. Note: this is totally unrelated to anything we call “objects” today.

Turbo Pascal up to and including version 3 directly generated .com binary output files (although you could use amend those overlays files), and as of version 4 supported separating code into units that first compiled into .tpu files before linked into the final executable binary. The Turbo C compiler generated .obj (object code) files rather than byte-codes, and Delphi 2 introduced .obj file generation on order to co-operate with C++ Builder.

Object files use relative addressing within each unit, and require what’s called “fix-ups” (or relocation) later on to make them run. Fix-ups point to symbolic labels that are expected to exist in other object files or libraries.

There are two kinds of “fix-ups”: one is done statically by a tool called a “linker“. The linker takes a bunch of object files and seams them together into something analogous to a patchwork quilt. It then “fixes-up” all of the relative references by plugging-in pointers to all of the externally-defined labels.

The second fix-ups are done dynamically when the program is loaded to run. They’re done by something called the “loader”, but you never see that. When you type a command on the command line, the loader is called to load an EXE file into memory, fix-up the remaining links based on where the file is loaded, and then control is transferred to the entry point of the application.

So .dcu files originated as .tpu files when Borland introduced units in Turbo Pascal, then changed extension with the introduction of Delphi. They are very different from .obj files, though you can link to .obj files from Turbo Pascal and Delphi.

Delphi also hid the linker entirely, so you just do a compile and a run. All of the linker settings are still there, however, in one of Delphi’s options panes.

edited

[WayBack/Archive.is] Follow Delphi’s ancestors-Qiita translated copy with images, and reworked the inline code (which had been badly OCR-ed):

Delphi’s ancestors

Immediately, let’s follow Delphi’s ancestors.

Delphi 1 (1995)

Delphi was first released on February 11, 1995. This was a 16 bit version that works with Windows 3.1. You may think that Delphi is based on Delphi 2 (32bit version) of 1996. As of Delphi 2, the basic configuration is fixed, and it is easier to change Delphi 2 code for the latest Delphi version personally than it is easier to change Delphi 1 code for Delphi 2 I think.
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In addition, Delphi 2 has been released from Kokuyo , and it seems to cost 43,000 yen with Amazon … Yes, of course you’re kidding?

Borland Pascal 7.0 / Turbo Pascal 7.0 (1992)

Borland Pascal (1992) is the Professional version of Turbo Pascal , capable of developing Windows / MS-DOS / DOS extenders. Turbo Pascal 7.0 was for MS-DOS only.

Turbo Pascal 7.0 seems to have been released as freeware only in French version.

Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.5 (1992)

It is Turbo Pascal that runs on Windows 3.1 . It is based on Turbo Pascal 7.0. The code editor now supports syntax highlighting.

Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0 (1991)

It is Turbo Pascal that runs on Windows 3.0 . Based on Turbo Pascal 6.0.

Turbo Pascal 6.0 (1990)

Turbo Pascal for MS-DOS . Turbo Vision is ready to use.

From this version, inline assembler can be used. Previously, only the following inline machine language could be used.

procedure UpperCase (var Strg: Str); {Str is type string[255]}
{$A+}
begin
  inline( $2A/Strg/  {    LD  HL,(Strg)  }
          $46/       {    LD  B,(HL)     }
          $04/       {    INC B          }
          $05/       {L1: DEC B          }
          $CA/*+20/  {    JP  Z, L2      }
          $23/       {    INC HL         }
          $7E/       {    Ld  A,(HL)     }
          $FE/$61/   {    CP  'a'        }
          $DA/*-9/   {    JP  C,L1       }
          $FE/$7B/   {    CP  'z'+1      }
          $D2/*-14/  {    JP  NC,L1      }
          $D6/$20/   {    SUB 20H        }
          $77/       {    LD  (HL),A     }
          $C3/*-2O); {    JP  L1         }
                     {    L2: EQU $      }
end;

Turbo Pascal 5.5 (1990)

Turbo Pascal for MS-DOS . From this version is Object Pascal , and earlier products were Pascal’s own extensions. So “Turbo Pascal is linguistically Object Pascal” is not accurate. And, as you might expect, there are many, but if you follow this source of the object oriented extension, it is derived from Apple’s Object Pascal ( MPW Pascal compiler) (1986).
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This version is still available for download as antique software.

Since 16-bit applications do not run on 64-bit Windows, it is better to run them on DOSBOX etc.

Turbo Pascal 5.0 (1988)

Turbo Pascalis. Overlays and editors now support Expanded Memory Specification (EMS). Also, Turbo Debugger is available. Price is $ for MS-DOS . Overlays and editors now support Expanded Memory Specification (EMS). Also, Turbo Debugger is available. The price was \ $ 149.95.

Turbo Pascal 4.0 (1987)

Turbo Pascal for MS-DOS . It is now possible to generate executable files in EXE format as well as COM format. CP / M support has been discontinued. The usesPhrases are available from this version. Price is $ clause is available from this version. The price was \ $ 99.95.

Turbo Pascal 3.0 (1985)

Turbo Pascalis. Turbo Pascal 3 was the first version to support the Intel 8087 math coprocessor. The 16 bit version also supports BCD operation. The performance of the compiler itself has also been improved, and it has been mentioned that it is twice as fast as 2.0 (though it is unclear whatsoever). Price is $ for CP / M and MS-DOS . Turbo Pascal 3 was the first version to support the Intel 8087 math coprocessor. The 16 bit version also supports BCD operation. The performance of the compiler itself has also been improved, and it has been mentioned that it is twice as fast as 2.0 (though it is unclear whatsoever). The price was \ $ 69.95. This version is still available for download as antique software.
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It is also possible to operate with a microcomputer board now.
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Turbo Pascal 2.0 (1984)

Turbo Pascal for CP / M and MS-DOS . The price was also \ $ 49.95, but if you own Turbo Pascal 1.0, it seems that you could purchase for \ $ 29.95. Features for over 64KB, such as auto overlays, are also included.is. The price was also $ 49.95, but $ if you have Turbo Pascal 1.0

An overlay is like a bank switching … It is easy to understand the overlay illustration of German Wikipedia . The point is that it is a technology to run programs with more (free) memory.
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Turbo Pascal 1.0 (1983)

The first Turbo Pascal for CP / M, MS-DOS . It has a built in menu system and an excellent editor. 1983/11/20 released. The price was \ $ 49.95.is. It has a built in menu system and an excellent editor. 1983/11/20 released. Price is $
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This version is still available for download as antique software.

If you want to know the atmosphere alone, there is Turbo Pascal that works with your browser.

PolyPascal (1984)

PolyPascal is a Pascal for CP / M (CP / M-80, CP / M-86) and DOS (MS-DOS, PC-DOS) and developed by PolyData MicroCenter . It seems to have been sold for around $ 500.is. $

Compas Pascal (1982)

Compas Pascal is a full set of Pascal for CP / M, developed by PolyData MicroCenter .

Year version Description
1982 1.00 Subset for CP / M-80.
1983/07 1.01 Development version for CP / M-86, MS-DOS.
1983/09 3.01 Field test version.
1983/10 3.02 Turbo Pascal 1.0 base
1984/07 3.10 Renamed to PolyPascal

Blue Label Software Pascal (1981)

Blue Label Software Pascal (BLS Pascal) is a Pascal for single board computer kit Nascom, developed by PolyData MicroCenter . BLS Pascal was a subset implementation of Pascal.

It is said that Blue Label Software Pascal is the first Pascal released by Anders Hejlsberg.

BLS Pascal is also licensed to Lucas Logic in the UK, and seems to have been sold under the name NASCOM PASCAL .
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Many times PolyData MicroCenter is a company headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark, with Healthberg. It was like Turbo Pascal that licensed Compas Pascal to Borland, and even after Turbo Pascal was released, Compas Pascal (renamed Poly Pascal in 3.10) was sold.

Then I ‘m interested in Blue Label Software’s company (?), But there is little information about this.

Run BLS Pascal with the emulator

Nascom has an emulator that allows you to try this BLS Pascal.

  1. Go to http://nascomhomepage.com 1 .
  2. Scroll down and you will find BLUE LABEL SOFTWARE PASCAL, so click on the image.
  3. The file blspas.nas is downloaded.
  4. Go to http://thorn.ws/jsnascom/jsnascom.html 2 .
  5. Load blspas.nas in [Load NAS:].
  6. Type E1000 in the emulator.

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The operation method is as close as possible to Turbo Pascal.

command function
E Start editor Exit is Ctrl + X
C compile
R Execution

I tried writing FIZZBUZZ. It’s amazing that the 37-year-old code works with the latest version of Delphi 10.3 Rio.
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in conclusion

The source of this article is the following article, written in 2008:

From the results of the investigation, more specifically,

BLS Pascal-> Compas Pascal-> Poly Pascal
                            -> Turbo Pascal-> Turbo Pascal 
                                            -> Borland Pascal-> Delphi
                                            -> Turbo Pascal for Windows

I guess what this is. It is no longer traditional that product lines are hard to understand (w

The following is an article about the 25th anniversary of Turbo Pascal 1.0 release, also written in 2008.

The flow of BLS-> Compas-> Poly-> Turbo was written in the introduction to the book “Innovation Happens Elsewhere-Open Source as Business Strategy-“ about the seemingly unrelated open source business strategy . This book is published in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 , and anyone can read it freely. Below is the relevant page.
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It would be interesting to read the ASCII.jp article at the same time.

One of the co-founders in this article, Mogens Glad, has written a popular WordStar compatible editor for Turbo Pascal.

Aside

Recently, I was running Turbo Pascal with CP / M on a microcomputer board. I used to touch Turbo C ++ in the days of MS-DOS, so I never touched Turbo Pascal in real time, and I just touched TP 5.5 with antique software. The language of Pascal was touched in earnest from Delphi 1 of Windows 3.1.
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As I understood after another experience, CP / M’s Turbo Pascal seemed to be only an uppart. It sells, and. And I became more interested, so I decided to review the articles I had read before long.

Hmm?

Wait a second. In that case, Kanno Amane seems to have to do … … Oh, someone seems to have come, who in such a time?
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  1. The Nascom Home Page  ↩
  2. Nascom 2 JavaScript emulator 0.2  ↩

[WayBack; Translated/Archive.is] History of Turbo Pascal v2 translated with images:

History of Turbo Pascal v2

Published on| Updated on|

Word Count 3506 | Reading time 17

Foreword

About Pascal

Pascal is already far away from us and will be withdrawing from NOI support. In fact, OI has rarely used Pascal now, and the regular ones are C++. But Pascal is easier to learn and read, although the features provided by the standard are not rich.

About Turbo Pascal

Turbo Pascal was my first IDE, and it was quite old in the Windows age. Although there is Free Pascal now, its stability and compilation speed are not as good as TP. GNU Pascal has long since stopped updating, although it can be found, but it is quite difficult to use.

TP’s Chinese information is not rich, but bitsavers.orgthere are a lot of documents on it, and you winworldpccan get various versions of TP, which has become the basis of research. TP can be used under CP/M-80, CP/M-86 and DOS. I only study the version of DOS. After all, CP/M is more ancient. However, on my win64 platform, I can’t run a 16-bit TP at all, so I also need PCem – a PC emulator.

This article focuses on describing features, plus some images to avoid involving too much code. In addition, the first edition of this article can be [OLD]2017-04-09-Turbo-Pascal的历史.mdfound in it.

Turbo Pascal and standard Pascal

Unsupported standard features

TP does not support some of the features of standard Pascal for some reason:

  • The New procedure cannot be used for variant records and should use the standard procedure GetMem .
  • The standard procedures Get and Put are not implemented because they can be replaced with Read and Write , and they are faster.
  • The goto statement cannot leave the current block (current procedure, function, or main program).
  • The standard procedure Page is not implemented because CP/M does not have a corresponding function.
  • The keyword packed has no practical effect, because compression is automatic whenever possible; the standard process Pack and Unpack are not implemented.
  • A procedure or function cannot be passed as a parameter.

new features

Absolute address variable

The keyword absolute can be used after the variable is defined to specify the address of the variable in memory.

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var
Abc: Integer absolute $0000:$00EE;
Def: Integer absolute $0000:$00F0;
Special: array[l .. CodeSize] absolute CSeg:$05F3;

The first part of the address represents the segment address and the second part represents the offset address. The code segment is represented by CSeg and the data segment is represented by DSeg.

In addition, absolute can also specify a variable at the address of another.

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var
Str: string[32];
StrLen: Byte absolute Str;

Bit/byte package

The keywords shl , shr, and xor represent left shift, right shift, and XOR, respectively, and are not defined in standard Pascal.

Direct access to memory and data ports

The arrays Mem and MemW are used to directly access the memory, and the address format is the same as the “absolute address variable”. The former type is Byte , the latter is Integer , and is represented by little endian. These two arrays can be read and written, just like regular arrays.

The array Port and PortW are used to access the data port of the 8086/88. Assignments and references to array elements can only be in expressions, and array elements cannot be passed as variable arguments.

Dynamic string

TP can use string to define dynamic strings up to 255 in length, and support + connection strings, direct assignments, and size comparisons. And define the Delete , Insert , Str , Val and other processes and Copy , Concat , Length , Pos and other functions. It is convenient to use than a character array, but has a length limit.

In addition, the string subscript 0 holds the Char type value corresponding to its length, and the length can be read by Ord and modified by Chr .

The definition part can be exchanged and repeated at will

Full support for operating system features

Related to the specific version, newer versions can directly call related procedures and functions, while older versions require manual calls to the operating system functions.

Insider code generation

Use the inline keyword to insert a piece of machine code that has free access to the registers, but you must ensure that BP, SP, DS, and SS are the same as they were entered before exiting.

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procedure UpperCase(var Strg: Str); {Str is type string[255] }
begin
inline
($C4/$BE/Strg/     {      LES DI,Strg[BP]           }
 $26/$8A/$0D/      {      MOV CL,FS:[DI]            }
 $FE/$Cl/          {      INC CL                    }
 $FE/$C9/          { L1:  DEC CL                    }
 $74/$13/          {      JZ L2                     }
 $47/              {      INC DI                    }
 $26/$80/$3D/$61/  {      CMP ES:BYTE PTR [DI], 'a' }
 $72/$F5/          {      JB L1                     }
 $26/$80/$3D/$7A/  {      CMP FS:BYTE PTR [DI], 'z' }
 $77/$EF/          {      JA L1                     }
 $26/$80/$2D/$20/  {      SUB FS:BYTE PTR [DI], 20H }
 $EB/$E9);         {      JMP SHORT L1              }
                   { L2:                            }
end;

Include file

TP allows another code comprising a code used {$I filename}to achieve, if no extension is assumed to .PAS. The include file function #includeis roughly the same as the C preprocessor directive , but the TP does not allow nested include files.

Apply logical operators to integers

The logical operators not , and , or , xor can also be applied to integer types, ie bitwise negation, bitwise AND, bitwise OR, bitwise XOR.

Program chain that supports shared variables

TP provides the Chain and Execute procedures to call other programs. Chain can only call Chn-fileprograms compiled with options with a .CHN extension. Such a file contains only the program code and does not contain the Pascal library. Execute can call any executable, but can’t pass arguments.

Use Chain to support sharing absolute and global variables, but special handling is required:

  • Shared global variables must be defined at the beginning, and the order must be the same;
  • The data segment and code segment must be the same when the program is compiled.

programMAIN.COM

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program Main;
var
  Txt:string[80];
  CntPrg:file;
begin
  Write('Enter any text: '); Readln(Txt);
  Assign(CntPrg, 'ChrCount.chn' );
  Chain(CntPrg);
end.

programCHRCOUNT.CHN

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program ChrCount;
var
  Txt: string[80];
  NoOfChar,
  NoOfUpc,
  I: Integer;
begin
  NoOfUpc := 0;
  NoOfChar := Length(Txt);
  for I := 1 to Iength(Txt) do
    if Txt[I] in ['A' .. 'Z'] then NoOfUpc := Succ(NoOfUpc);
  Write( 'No of characters in entry: ',NoOfChar);
  Writeln( '. No of upper case characters: ', NoOfUpc,'.');
end.

Random access data file

Use Seek (FilVar, n) to move the file pointer to the nth record, starting with 0.

Structured constant

Constants can specify types, including unstructured types and arrays, multidimensional arrays, records, collections, and more.

Type conversion function

A cast function can be used, but floating point numbers are not supported.

New dynamic memory allocation

TP1 introduced Mark and Release instead of Dispose . Mark (Var) saves the heap pointer to Var , and Release (Var) assigns the heap pointer to Var . This Release will free up all the space from Var and is more efficient than New/Delete .

Version comparison

1.0 (1983)

Official introduction

Official download: http://altd.embarcadero.com/download/museum/tp1.zip

Release date: 1983/11/20

Price: $49.95+$5$ shipping

System Requirements

  • Intel 8086 and Zilog Z-80 microprocessor
  • 64KB memory
  • For CP/M and DOS systems, 51⁄4″ floppy disk
  • For CP/M systems, 8″ floppy disk

File List

TP1.0 is released on a single floppy disk with a total of 10 files, 131,297 bytes. TURBO.COM (which includes an IDE with a compiler, a Wordstar-style editor, and a system running in memory) is 33,280 bytes in size.

  • TURBO.COM – compiler and editor
  • TURBOMSG.OVR – error message file
  • TINST.COM – IDE installer
  • TINSTMSG.OVR – Error message for TINST program
  • TLIST.COM – Print program
  • ERROR.DOC – manual additional content
  • CALC.PAS – MicroCalc Table Sample Program
  • CALCMAIN.PAS – Sample contains features
  • CALC.HLP – MicroCalc Help Manual
  • CALCDEMO.MCS – Sample table definition

use

TP1 does not support directory operations, only the current directory. There is also an unimplemented running function. Input X indicates that the function is not implemented on the 8086/88 and only supports CP/M-80.

In fact, the TP2 manual Appendix P is the TP1 manual. It is said that TP2 directly provides the TP1 manual plus Appendix P.

See TP2 for the use of the user interface.

External subroutine

An external subroutine can be declared in TP with external , which must be relocatable.

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procedure Plot(X,Y: Integer); external 'PLOT';
procedure QuickSort(var List: PartNo); external 'QS';

DOS function call

In the early TP, there was no direct DOS interface, and the DOS function was called using the MsDos procedure. The following code provides a way to get time, which can be placed in an include file. For other function calls, see the DOS Reference Manual or use the newer TP.

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type
  regfile=record
    AX,BX,CX,DX,BP,SI,DI,DS,ES,Flags:integer;
  end;
  timeRec=record
    h,m,s,s100:integer;
  end;

procedure getTime(var t:timeRec);
var
  reg:regfile;
begin
  reg.AX:=$2C shl 8;
  MsDos(reg);
  t.h:=reg.CX shr 8;
  t.m:=reg.CX and 255;
  t.s:=reg.DX shr 8;
  t.s100:=reg.DX and 255;
end;

2.0 (1984)

use

Although not mentioned in the manual, the user interface can already switch directories.

The user interface is weird, but it can still be used. In the main menu, press the highlighted letter to select the corresponding function. If you want to open or create a new file, you need to:

  1. L switches to the required drive
  2. A change the current directory
  3. W input file name
  4. E enters edit mode
  5. ^KD exit edit mode
  6. S save
  7. C compilation
  8. R running

ART.PAS

The following are the effects of running ART.PAS:

Note that by default, TP2 compiles the program into memory so it can be run directly. If you need to generate an executable, you need to modify the compile option to Com-file. The ART.COM generated by compiling ART.PAS has only 11,518 bytes.

a recursive test

Edit mode has no code highlighting feature. By default, the 8,127 layers are recursively, then the runtime error FF is given and the PC is given. If compiled into memory, the RE location is automatically located.

If you compile to a file, just record the PC and select F in the options.

Of course, TP2 has no debugging function, only the function of finding the RE location.

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program recursion;
var
  maxdep:integer;

procedure recur(x:integer);
begin
  if x<=maxdep then
  begin
    writeln(x);
    recur(x+1);
  end;
end;

begin
  writeln('hello, world');
  read(maxdep);
  recur(1);
end.

Overlay function ( overlay )

The overlay function can load multiple function modules of a program into the same location in memory to expand the size of the program. Just add the overlay keyword before the procedure or function declaration .

Override functions or procedures in the same region cannot be called from each other, nor can they be forward-defined, and cannot be called recursively. In short, at one moment, only one overlay function or process can be run within a coverage group.

Note that the overlay file is saved on disk, so frequent call coverage will reduce efficiency and should be weighed against this feature. The following illustrations are used to visualize the understanding.

Additional features of the IBM PC

Allows you to switch text/graphic modes, set colors, draw windows, and use advanced features such as sound. It is not detailed here, you can refer to the sample program.

Turbo-87 Pascal

This version of TP2 could not be found. According to the documentation, this version must have a 8087 floating-point coprocessor to use, and replace the default (in fact double) with a 64-bit real number , with higher precision and faster speed.

3.0 (1985~1986)

Official introduction (3.02)

Official download: http://altd.embarcadero.com/download/museum/tp302.zip

Release date: 1986/9/17

Price: (including 8087 and BCD); CP/M-80 version (excluding 8087 and BCD):

System Requirements

16-bit system

  • 128KB of memory (including 8087 and BCD)
  • MS-DOS 2.0 and CP/M-86 1.1

8-bit system

  • 48KB memory (not including 8087 and BCD)
  • CP/M-80 2.2

file

The TP3 file is slightly larger than 2.0. I found the version with BCD and 8087, TURBOBCD.COM and TURBO-87.COM.

Speed ​​improvement

Both 2.0 and 3.0 provide a large example of CALC.PAS with 30+KB. Below is an estimate comparison (IBM AT 286/6):

Load time Compile to memory Compile to file
2.0 2s 8s 10s
3.0 <1s 4s 4s

It can be seen that there are many improvements.

Turtle Graphics

The turtle graphic is based on the concept of “turtle”, which can move a specific distance to a specific angle and draw a graphic. Turtle graphics need to be manipulated in the window. See the sample TURTLE.PAS. Note that there should be GRAPH.P and GRAPH.BIN files in the same directory at compile time.

Directory operation

Provides ChDir , MkDir , RmDir and GetDir to implement the relevant directory operations, process and DOS, like the first three, GetDir (Drive, Str) Gets Drive current directory to Str . Drive is an integer, 0 means the current directory, 1 means A, … can refer to DIRECT.PAS.

Get command line arguments

ParamCount and ParamStr are provided to get the command line arguments, which is the same as C’s argc and argv . See the example CMDLIN.PAS.

Turbo-BCD

Turbo-BCD uses BCD to store floating point numbers to avoid decimal errors. For example, decimal 0.1 is not accurately represented in binary, but can be accurately represented in decimal floating point numbers (BCD).

Turbo-BCD cannot use Sin , Cos , ArcTan , Ln , Exp , Sqrt, and Pi . Pascal programs that do not contain these identifiers can be compiled with Turbo-BCD. The range of BCD floating point numbers is $\vert R\vert\in10^{-63}\dots10^{63}$, the effective digit is 18 bits, occupying 10 bytes of space. BCD floating point numbers can be formatted using the Formfunction, see the manual.

BCD.PAS can be used to demonstrate the advantages of Turbo-BCD. The result of compiling with TURBO.COM:

Use TURBOBCD.COM:

Turbo-87

As with 2.0, the 8087 coprocessor is also required. I ran on an IBM AT (286) without x87 and the result was an invalid floating point number. Therefore, it must be tested on a PC with a math coprocessor. Since PCem does not have a separate analog x87 switch, I used 486DX, which is the earliest built-in x87 CPU.

Demonstrating Turbo-87 with HILB.PAS and TEST.PAS, below using TEST.PAS, you can compare speed and accuracy. I included the timing library TIMER.PAS I wrote myself. Use TURBO.COM:

Use TURBO-87.COM:

The result of using the following code is 1.644903548804433, which is basically the same as Turbo-87:

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#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    double ans = .0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        ans += 1.0 / (i * i);
    cout.precision(numeric_limits<double>::digits10);
    cout << fixed << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}

4.0 (1987)

file

I found three versions of the 360KB floppy disk. It is best to copy all the files to the same directory. It can be found that the executable has been changed from .COM to .EXE. Here are some important files:

  • TURBO.EXE: Provide IDE, 115KB
  • TURBO.TPL: Standard unit, 37KB
  • GRAPH.TPU: Graph unit, 27KB
  • TPC.EXE: Command Line Compiler, 42KB
  • MAKE.EXE: Automatically update the modified program, 19KB

use

The TP4 already has a menu and looks much better than the previous versions. But the Output window is annoying, press F5 to turn it off. Switch to the menu can use Alt + highlight letters, you can also use F10, it is better to use F10 in PCem, because the former will also trigger the PCem menu. Press ESC to return to the editing window.

ARTY4.PAS

ART.PAS has also been upgraded!

ARTY4.EXE compiled to file generation has 24,384 bytes, which is much larger than 2.0.

Upgrade early programs

UPGRADE.EXE is used to do this. I tried it with 3.0 CALC.PAS and the original file was renamed to CALC.3TP. However, the compiled file is also used for 4s, without the speed increase mentioned in the manual. However, the MicroCalc provided by MCALC.PAS is much more advanced than before. Not only did the color increase, but it was compiled again very quickly because MAKE.EXE was used.

Code generation optimization

I also upgraded TEST8087.PAS and TIMER.PAS, rewritten with the GetTime of the Dos unit , and renamed my GetTimeto myGetTime , which is fine . Of course, I am going to write TIMER.PAS in a unit format.

Running with 32767, not using 8087, 3.0 using 42s, 4.0 using 32.5s, the improvement is still very obvious.

Unit and Make

The unit is the biggest improvement in 4.0, and various interfaces are available in the unit. This allows you to divide a large program into units, which can be written and debugged separately, and finally connected into the final program. When only modifying some files, use the Make function, you only need to recompile the modified part and then connect. The Build function recompiles all the files.

The structure of the unit is as follows:

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unit unitname;
interface
{ uses <list of units>; Optional}
{ public declarations }
implementation
{ private declarations }
{ procedures and functions}
begin
{ initialization code}
end.

In fact, according to the above structure, the unit is similar to the header file and the implementation file in C. Wherein the interface to the implementation part similar between the headers, the implementation part after implementing the interface.

The various interfaces provided by TP are also provided through the unit, using uses to include other units. Among them, TURBO.TPL includes System , Crt , Dos , Printer , Turbo3 and Graph3 , and GRAPH.TPU contains Graph unit.

  • The System unit contains the basic Pascal procedures and functions, each of which contains the System unit by default .
  • Dos unit provides most of the DOS API calls, such as GetTime , SetTime , DiskSize , but also provides the old MsDosand Intr .
  • The Crt unit provides text interface control and sound control.
  • The Printer unit provides Lst files to support the printer.
  • The Graph3 unit provides all the graphics features in 3.0.
  • The Graph unit provides more faster and more powerful graphics features, including my VGA and earlier CGA, EGA and Hercules.

Because of the unit, the program chain and overlay functions are no longer supported and should be converted to units.

Include nesting of files

Previous versions contain files that cannot be nested, and TP4 can be nested no more than 8 layers.

New data type

TP4 provides new integer types longint , shortint , word , and if you have an x87 coprocessor, you can also use single , double , extended , and comp . Prior to this, TP only provided 16-bit integers, and now you can use up to 64-bit integers (ie, comp ).

64-bit integer comp in TP : Many OIers who have used Pascal do not know that TP also has 64-bit integers. The range of comp is $-2^{63}+1\dots2^{63}-1$. Although comp is a floating point type, it can only hold integers and is 1 different from a standard 64-bit integer. Comp requires the x87 coprocessor to use.

To use x87, you must turn on the compile switch {$N+}, which is by default ${N-}. When this mode is turned on, all floating point operations are performed with extended precision, and the default output format is also changed to extended format. If there is no x87, TP does not allow compiled ${N+}programs.

In addition, the 8087 uses its own arithmetic stack, so the procedures and functions for writing x87 should pay special attention. For example, the following function will cause the 8087 stack to overflow:

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function Fib(N: integer): extended;
begin
  if N = 0 then Fib := 0.0 else
  if N = 1 then Fib := 1.0 else
  Fib := Fib(N-1) + Fib(N-2);
end;

The correct way to write is to save the Fib(N-1)sum with temporary variables Fib(N-2). Refer to FIB8087.PAS.

Short-circuit Boolean expression evaluation

Boolean expressions are short-circuited by default, but can be changed by compiling the switch.

Conditional compilation

Provides compile instructions {$DEFINE name}, {$UNDEF name}, {$IFDEF name}, {$IFNDEF name}, {$IFOPT switch}(judge compile switches) {$ELSE}, {$ENDIF}to implement conditional compilation, similar to C preprocessor directives. In addition, if there are x87, it will define the CPU 87 .

Command line compiler

TPC.EXE is a command line compiler that is also very simple to use, such as TPC QSORT.PAScompiling QSORT.PAS to QSORT.EXE. Commonly used options include /M(Make), /B(Build), /Q(Quiet), /F(Find), /R (running in memory), /X (running), where /F is equivalent to the previous “Find runtime error” feature.

5.0 (1988)

installation

This is the first version that needs to be installed. I am using two versions of 720KB floppy disk. INSTALL.EXE is used for installation. The installation process not only includes copying files, but also decompressing .ARC, so it is best to use the installer.

use

The user interface is quite different from 4.0, blue accounts for most of the area, and the menu is more abundant. However, Load and Save are not displayed in the shortcut list, but they are still available. Now Output is displayed in full screen with the classic shortcut Alt+F5. Compared to 4.0, the debugging function is mainly added. In addition, the available memory displayed when running MicroCalc has increased a lot (all running in memory).

Source code level debugging

TP5 finally supports basic debugging features in the IDE, and it is easy to use. The following routines are provided in the user manual:

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{$D+,L+} { Just to be sure complete debug information is being generated }
{$R-}                            { Just to be sure range-checking is off }
program RangeTest;
var
  List : array[1 .. 10] of integer;
  Indx : integer;
begin
  for Indx := 1 to 10 do
    List[Indx] := Indx;
  Indx := 0;
  while (Indx < 11) do
  begin
    Indx := Indx + 1;
    if List[Indx] > 0 then
      List[Indx] := -List [Indx]
  end;
  for Indx := 1 to 10 do
    Writeln(List[Indx])
end.

This program is an infinite loop, the reason is not clear: because the position of List[11] is Indx, so the next set Indx to -11, resulting in an infinite loop. However, if you don’t know the memory allocation mechanism of the TP, it may be difficult to think of this error.

With the debugging feature, it is easy to find this problem. This will add List and Indx to Watch, then F8 will step through. When Indx=11, it shows the above behavior. What if I open the range check ( {$R+})? Stop debugging before modifying, ie Run-Program reset. At this time, I reported error 201. I believe everyone is familiar with it. However, it should be noted that TP5 does not enable range checking by default, you need to manually change the option or add a compile switch {$R+}.

Complete 8087 floating point simulation

The compile switch {$E+}is turned on by default to allow software to emulate 8087 floating-point operations, so programs can use x87 instructions on PCs with x87 and software emulation on PCs without coprocessors.

Cell-based coverage

After the traditional overlay function was abandoned by 4.0, 5.0 introduced a cell-based overlay function that directly used the unit as the overlay content. A compile switch is ${O+}needed to allow a unit to use the override function, ${F+}forcing all calls to be FAR. As long as the above two compile switches are added ${F+}to the unit that needs to be covered, it can be added in the main program .

In the main program must contain Overlay cells, followed by {$O unitname}cell designated to cover. The main program should also use OvrInit to initialize the overlay file and, if possible, use OvrInitEMS to load the overlay file into the EMS. In addition, there is an OvrResult like IOResult to detect errors. Programs that include overrides can only be compiled to a file. Refer to OVRDEMO.PAS.

EMS extended memory

Let me explain what EMS is. In the 8086/8088, the addressing space is $2^{20}$=1MB, with a lower 640KB that can be accessed directly by the program (conventional memory) and the remaining 384KB for hardware. In the IBM AT/286 era, although the addressing space reached 16MB, it only supports access in protected mode, and no DOS program can run there.

One of the solutions at the time was the memory disk. I believe everyone should be familiar, but the memory disk cannot be used to run programs. Another way is to expand the memory and use a portion of 384KB as a “window” to use the high memory area. One of them is the Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification (EMS). The TP5 supports the 3.2+ version. The extended file can store the overlay file and use the extended memory for the built-in code editor. EMS.PAS can be used to detect if EMS is available.

Process type

A procedure type can define a procedure or function as a variable and pass it as a parameter.

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type
  Proc       = procedure;
  SwapProc   = procedure(var X,Y: integer);
  StrProc    = procedure(S: string);
  MathFunc   = function(X: real): real;
  DeviceFunc = function(var F: text): integer;
  MaxFunc    = function(A,B: real; F: MathFunc): real;

Of course, TP does not allow returning process types, nor does it allow standard procedures or functions, nested procedures or functions, inline procedures or functions, interrupt procedures, or functions to be assigned to procedure types. In addition, you need to turn on the compile switch {$F+}. Refer to PROCVAR.PAS.

Constant expression

TP5 allows constants to be initialized with expressions.

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const
  Min      = 0;
  Max      = 100;
  Center   = (Max - Min) div 2;
  Beta     = Chr(225);
  NumChars = Ord('Z') - Ord('A') + 1;
  Message  = 'Out of memory';
  ErrStr   =' Error: ' + Message + '. ';
  ErrPos   = 80 - Length(ErrorStr) div 2;
  Ln10     = 2.302585092994045684;
  Ln10R    = 1 / Ln10j
  Numeric  = ['0' .. '9'];
  Alpha    = ['A' .. 'Z' ,'a' .. 'z'];
  AlphaNum = Alpha + Numeric;

5.5 (1989)

Official introduction

Official download: http://altd.embarcadero.com/download/museum/tp55.zip

Release date: 1989/5/2

TOUR

5.5 includes a TOUR.EXE – an online introduction tool that allows novices to understand the use of the IDE, which takes about 15 minutes to complete.

Object oriented

5.5 The main improvement is the full support for object-oriented programming (OOP), of course, TP mainly borrows C++. In fact, from a certain point of view, the object is a record with procedures and functions, in the TP with the keyword object instead of record .

Class definition

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type
  Location = object
    X, Y : Integer;
  end;
  Point = object(Location)
    Visible : Boolean;
  end;

The parentheses indicate the inheritance relationship. In the Point class, X and Y can be used normally .

Method definition

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type
  Location = object
    X, Y : Integer;
    procedure Init(NewX, NewY : Integer);
  end;
procedure Location. Init (NewX, NewY : Integer);
begin
  X := NewX; { The X field of a Location object }
  Y := NewY; { The Y field of a Location object }
end;

Class-owned procedures and functions are called methods . Unlike C++::, TP directly uses methods that represent classes. In addition, the TP has no access control and cannot prevent direct access to the fields of the class. Fields must be defined before all methods.

Self use

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type
  MouseStat = record
    Active: Boolean;
    X, Y : Integer;
    LButton, RButton : Boolean;
    Visible : Boolean;
  end;
procedure Location.GoToMouse(MousePos : MouseStat);
begin
  Hide;
  with MousePos do
  begin
    Self.X := X;
    Self.Y := Y;
  end;
  Show;
end;

The above code shows the usage of Self , which is similar to this , except that the latter is a pointer.

Method overload

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type
  Circle = Object(Point)
    Radius : Integer;
    procedure Init(InitX, InitY : Integer; InitRadius : Integer);
    procedure Show;
    procedure Hide;
    procedure Expand(ExpandBy : Integer);
    procedure MoveTo(NewX, NewY : Integer);
    procedure Contract (ContractBy : Integer);
  and;
procedure Circle.Init(InitX, InitY : Integer; InitRadius : Integer);
begin
  Point.Init(InitX, InitY);
  Radius := InitRadius;
and;
procedure Circle. Show;
begin
  Visible := True;
  Graph.Circle(X, Y, Radius);
and;
procedure Circle. Hide;
var
  TempColor : Word;
begin
  TempColor := Graph.GetColor;
  Graph.SetColor(GetBkColor);
  Visible := False;
  Graph.Circle(X, Y, Radius);
  Graph.SetColor(TempColor);
end;
procedure Circle.Expand(ExpandBy : Integer);
begin
  Hide;
  Radius := Radius + ExpandBy;
  if Radius < 0 then Radius := 0;
Show;
end;
procedure Circle. Contract (ContractBy : Integer);
begin
  Expand(-ContractBy);
end;
procedure Circle.MoveTo(NewX, NewY : Integer);
begin
  Hide;
  X := NewX;
  Y := NewY;
  Show;
end;

The overloaded method simply defines the exact same method and changes the content. In the above example, Point.Init is used to call the Point method.

Construction and destruction

TP uses the keyword constructor to decorate the construction process, and destructor to decorate the destructor process. It is recommended to name it Init and Done .

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Point = object(Location)
  Visible : Boolean;
  Next : PointPtr;
  constructor Init(InitX, InitY : Integer);
  destructor Done; virtual;
  procedure Show; virtual;
  procedure Hide; virtual;
  function IsVisible : Boolean;
  procedure MoveTo(NewX, NewY : Integer);
  procedure Drag (DragBy : Integer); virtual;
end;

Virtual method

TP also supports virtual methods. After using the virtual keyword in the method definition, it will not be described in detail here. You can refer to C++.

Object-oriented Calc

The historic MicroCalc has been renamed to TurboCalc and is rewritten with object-oriented.

Object debugging

5.5 also supports debugging of objects.

Improvement of coverage function

Overwrite buffer management

In 5.0, the overlay buffer is maintained with a data structure similar to a circular queue, loaded directly when space is sufficient, and the oldest module is deleted when not enough. However, 5.5 provides an alternative algorithm: when a module’s space to the end of the queue is less than the threshold, the module is marked. If the marked module is subsequently called, the module is used frequently and moved to the head of the team. Through testing, you can get the best threshold and implement it with the interface provided by 5.5.

Put the overlay file into the .EXE file

TP5.5 supports placing overlay files in .EXE to reduce the number of files. You must first make sure to turn off the debug symbols and then use the COPY command with the /B option, for example COPY /B MYPROG.EXE + MYPROG.OVR. Loading the overlay file with an .EXE file, ieOvrlnit(ParamStr(0));

6.0 (1990)

IDE

The new IDE supports multi-window editing and supports window overlays, side-by-side alignment, etc. (Windows 2.0). Support for the mouse, but I installed CuteMouse myself.

Turbo Vision

Turbo Vision is an object-oriented application framework for developing graphical interface programs in the same style as IDEs. Of course, it is actually based on the text interface, but provides the implementation of windows, menus, status bars, dialog boxes and other elements. The above picture is an example. The disadvantage is that it is very memory intensive, and the number displayed in the lower right corner is the available memory. The available space should be increased when running outside the IDE.

After exiting the IDE, you can freely open the file, but you can only view it and you cannot modify it. Four tools are also available: 15 digital, calendar, ASCII table and calculator.

There is also a smart help function, just press F1.

Inline assembler

This feature allows you to insert 80(2)86/7 assembly code directly into Pascal code, although the old method can still be used. It supports a significant portion of the grammar subset of Turbo Assembler, but does not support most of the compile instructions, and should be replaced with Pascal syntax.

By asm used inline assembler statement.

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asm
  mov    ah,0        { Read keyboard function code }
  int    16H            { Call PC BIOS to read key }
  mov    CharCode,al             { Save ASCII code }
  mov    ScanCode,ah              { Save scan code }
end;

asm
  push   ds                              { Save DS }
  lds    si,Source           { Load source pointer }
  les    di,Dest        { Load destination pointer }
  mov    cx,Count                { Load block size }
  cld                              { Move forwards }
  rep    movsb                        { Copy block }
  pop    ds                           { Restore DS }
end;

Inline compiled keywords

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AH      CL      FAR     SEG
AL      CS      HIGH    SHL
AND     CX      LOW     SHR
AX      DH      MOD     SI
BH      DI      NEAR    SP
BL      DL      NOT     SS
BP      DS      OFFSET  ST
BX      DWORD   OR      TBYTE
BYTE    DX      PTR     TYPE
CH      ES      QWORD   WORD
                        XOR

Object-oriented improvement

Private brings in private fields and methods, which were not supported in the previous version. However, unlike the class in C++ , the default is still public (of course without this keyword), similar to struct (POD).

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type
  NewObject = object(ancestor)
    fields; { these are public }
    methods; { these are public }
  private
    fields; { these are private }
    methods; { these are private }
  end;

Extended grammar

The extended syntax switch ( $X) can use a function like a procedure, ignoring its return value.

286 code generation

Using a $Gswitch allows for the generation of 286 code, which cannot run on the 8086.

TPTOUR

This version of TOUR is much more advanced than 5.5, and it is a bit like the Windows 3.1 tutorial on mouse usage. However, this tutorial is biased towards using a keyboard instead of a mouse, and sometimes there are warnings: use the keyboard instead of the mouse.

7.0 (1992)

IDE

In addition to the traditional real mode (8086) TURBO.EXE, TPX.EXE is also provided in protected mode. To run the IDE in protected mode, you must have 286 and at least 2MB of memory.

There are some differences between the two IDEs, the memory usage is different, and TPX no longer provides compile to memory functions, only compile to files.

Syntax highlighting

7.0 supports default keyword highlighting in white, annotations in gray, assembly in green, and rest symbols in yellow. Of course, this setting can be manually modified in the menu, and can be modified to be close to the Free Pascal highlight, but does not recognize the compile switch.

Undo function

Undo and restore functionality, same as modern editors, can be persisted…

Right click menu

This is also very basic in the present…

Language improvement

Variable length parameter

Support variable length string OpenString and variable length array parameters (note that only parameters), use Lowand High to return the starting subscript and end subscript, equivalent to the C++ container begin and end methods, but not the end.

Object oriented

Provides a public keyword that can be mixed with private . In addition, the inherited keyword can call the ancestor’s method.

Const parameter

The argument to const cannot be modified, equivalent to a constant.

Runtime library (RTL)

New system function

  • Assigned : Test whether the pointer is nil
  • Break
  • Continue
  • High
  • Low

 More downloads

Index of /hokuto/+ dev/

Name Last Modified Size Type
Parent Directory/ – Directory
doc/ 2006-Dec-10 11:00:12 – Directory
[WayBack] ADMmutate-0.8.1.tar.gz 2006-Dec-10 11:03:43 26.9K application/gzip
[WayBack] AIntruder.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:33:51 41.3K application/zip
[WayBack] Antiasp.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:34:01 32.8K application/zip
[WayBack] Apispy25.zip 2006-Nov-28 09:50:32 255.7K application/zip
[WayBack] Arm183.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:34:05 654.1K application/zip
[WayBack] Arm184.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:34:14 523.3K application/zip
[WayBack] Arm201b1.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:34:11 167.2K application/zip
[WayBack] ArmStripper01b6.rar 2007-Aug-17 16:34:20 177.8K application/rar
[WayBack] Armkill13.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:34:14 37.9K application/zip
[WayBack] Aspdie.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:34:15 15.6K application/zip
[WayBack] Byevbox4.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:34:21 10.0K application/zip
[WayBack] Imprebld.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:35:07 4.2K application/zip
[WayBack] Imprec16.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:35:14 280.7K application/zip
[WayBack] LDasm-0.01.32.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:01:43 35.8K application/gzip
[WayBack] LDasm-0.04.53.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:01:43 59.2K application/gzip
[WayBack] Miscarc.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:35:27 492.5K application/zip
[WayBack] NLSasm.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:23:12 137.3K application/zip
[WayBack] OllyUni_0.10.zip 2006-Dec-08 23:25:38 34.5K application/zip
[WayBack] PE.Explorer_setup.exe 2007-Aug-17 16:37:05 3.4M application/x-msdos-program
[WayBack] PEEditor.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:36:19 55.7K application/zip
[WayBack] PE_Tools.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:36:06 216.1K application/zip
[WayBack] Pecmparc.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:36:15 175.1K application/zip
[WayBack] RE_papers.tgz 2007-Aug-16 20:26:34 6.5K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] SP147.tgz 2007-Aug-16 20:34:29 607.7K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] SPIKE2.6.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:03:22 988.5K application/gzip
[WayBack] SPIKE2.7.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:03:55 1.0M application/gzip
[WayBack] SPIKE2.8.tgz 2007-Aug-16 20:34:52 1.8M application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] SignMan.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:37:43 5.5K application/zip
[WayBack] StraceNT.zip 2006-Nov-28 22:37:38 156.4K application/zip
[WayBack] Ucfuvbox.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:37:39 8.0K application/zip
[WayBack] Unarm.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:37:47 168.8K application/zip
[WayBack] Unpckarc.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:38:02 559.2K application/zip
[WayBack] Vbox43.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:38:56 3.0M application/zip
[WayBack] alcatel-ex.c 2007-Aug-16 20:25:25 3.1K text/x-csrc
anti-anti-dbg.c 2007-Aug-16 20:00:12 1.0K text/x-csrc
anti-ptrace.txt 2007-Aug-16 20:25:25 2.3K text/plain
[WayBack] armd252.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:29:42 828.4K application/zip
[WayBack] bastard-0.08.tgz 2007-Aug-16 20:00:47 1.7M application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] biew500.tar.bz2 2007-Aug-16 20:00:21 253.7K application/octet-stream
[WayBack] biew501.tar.bz2 2007-Aug-16 20:00:40 254.6K application/octet-stream
[WayBack] biew503.tar.bz2 2007-Aug-16 20:01:26 272.1K application/octet-stream
[WayBack] burndump.c 2007-Aug-16 20:00:48 3.9K text/x-csrc
[WayBack] burneye-1.0-linux-static.tar.gz 2007-Aug-17 16:34:48 140.8K application/gzip
[WayBack] crashme.tgz 2006-Nov-28 13:47:19 19.4K application/x-gtar-compressed
debugging tools.exe 2006-Nov-28 10:44:02 8.9M application/x-msdos-program
[WayBack] devcpp_4.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:20:39 7.5M application/zip
[WayBack] disit01A.zip 2007-Aug-16 20:25:28 17.7K application/zip
[WayBack] dismips.c 2007-Aug-17 16:34:21 7.8K text/x-csrc
[WayBack] djdec39.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:35:55 4.2M application/zip
[WayBack] dshrnk16.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:35:03 183.9K application/zip
[WayBack] dumbugVegasRelease.zip 2006-Dec-08 23:31:44 734.1K application/zip
[WayBack] dumbug_bin_0.3.zip 2006-Dec-08 23:29:17 92.4K application/zip
[WayBack] elf2flt-20060608.tar.gz 2006-Dec-09 00:27:06 108.6K application/gzip
[WayBack] elfdump-0.3.tar.gz 2006-Nov-28 10:03:04 11.3K application/gzip
[WayBack] elfsh-0.43b-portable.tgz 2007-Aug-16 20:00:52 99.6K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] elfsh-0.51b3-portable.tgz 2007-Aug-16 20:25:29 133.4K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] elfsh-0.65rc1.tgz 2006-Nov-28 11:52:39 319.0K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] es321.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:20:54 65.4K application/zip
[WayBack] examiner-0.4.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:00:54 22.7K application/gzip
[WayBack] fenris-0.7-m.tgz 2007-Aug-16 20:25:48 1.0M application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] fenris-0.7.tgz 2007-Aug-16 20:01:12 1.0M application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] fenris.tgz.gz 2006-Dec-08 23:01:40 1.0M application/gzip
[WayBack] fi243.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:30:47 135.3K application/zip
[WayBack] fuckptrace.c 2007-Aug-16 20:25:29 1.3K text/x-csrc
[WayBack] gbdk-2.95-3-win32.zip 2006-Nov-28 11:58:40 927.1K application/zip
[WayBack] gvd-1.0.1-linux.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:01:35 1.0M application/gzip
[WayBack] hdasm.tgz 2007-Aug-16 20:01:39 17.3K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] hex_0.9.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:34:13 30.2K application/gzip
[WayBack] hiew611.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:31:17 340.1K application/zip
idafree49.exe 2015-Mar-19 16:45:58 14.9M application/x-msdos-program
[WayBack] iozone3_430.tar 2015-Mar-19 16:46:13 1.7M application/x-tar
[WayBack] ltrace_0.3.26.tar.gz 2006-Dec-08 23:50:24 99.2K application/gzip
[WayBack] nemesis-v1.0pre1.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:25:50 58.9K application/gzip
[WayBack] ngrep-1.37.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:25:53 88.9K application/gzip
[WayBack] nops.tgz 2006-Nov-28 09:53:11 6.9K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] npack.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:35:31 64.3K application/zip
[WayBack] oOps.c 2007-Aug-16 20:25:56 1.5K text/x-csrc
[WayBack] objdump-output-beatifier.pl 2007-Aug-16 20:02:59 0.3K text/x-perl
[WayBack] odbg110.zip 2006-Dec-08 23:30:35 1.0M application/zip
[WayBack] p0f-3.08b.tgz 2015-Mar-19 16:46:27 90.4K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] pe-scan14a.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:32:14 58.2K application/zip
[WayBack] pe_stat.zip 2006-Nov-28 09:53:38 55.0K application/zip
[WayBack] pedasm.zip 2006-Nov-28 09:53:43 93.2K application/zip
[WayBack] process_stalker.zip 2007-Aug-16 20:26:13 955.1K application/zip
[WayBack] procshow-1.0.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:26:33 1.0M application/gzip
[WayBack] reap-0.4B.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:03:00 7.1K application/gzip
[WayBack] rec15ds4.taz 2007-Aug-17 16:36:29 333.9K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] rec15fsi.taz 2007-Aug-17 16:36:34 209.8K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] rec16lx.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:36:48 304.6K application/zip
[WayBack] rec16pc.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:36:55 195.3K application/zip
[WayBack] rec16sp.tar.Z 2007-Aug-17 16:37:05 408.8K application/octet-stream
[WayBack] rec22.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:37:30 1.1M application/zip
[WayBack] recsupp.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:37:09 140.8K application/zip
[WayBack] recsuppl.taz 2007-Aug-17 16:37:12 17.4K application/x-gtar-compressed
[WayBack] recsuppw.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:37:24 120.8K application/zip
[WayBack] reducebind.c 2006-Dec-09 01:15:47 6.5K text/x-csrc
[WayBack] reqt-0.7f.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:03:01 12.1K application/gzip
[WayBack] reverse_backdoored_binaries.txt 2007-Aug-16 20:26:44 26.8K text/plain
[WayBack] shellforge-0.1.15.tar.gz 2006-Nov-28 12:33:09 11.8K application/gzip
[WayBack] shiva-0.95.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:26:52 305.8K application/gzip
[WayBack] sinister-0.1beta.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:26:53 15.1K application/gzip
[WayBack] sishell-0.1.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:34:12 17.2K application/gzip
softice.rar 2006-Nov-28 12:02:38 5.3M application/rar
softice301w95.exe 2007-Aug-16 20:03:59 1.9M application/x-msdos-program
[WayBack] spikeproxy-1.3.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:04:03 320.5K application/gzip
[WayBack] spikeproxy-1.4.6.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:04:12 606.6K application/gzip
[WayBack] stan-0.4.tar.gz 2007-Aug-16 20:34:32 36.5K application/gzip
[WayBack] strace-3.1.tar.gz 2006-Dec-08 23:49:18 172.2K application/gzip
[WayBack] string.zip 2006-Nov-27 19:40:16 8.6K application/zip
tasm5_1.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:00:31 1.3M application/zip
tasm5_2.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:00:49 1.3M application/zip
tasm5_3.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:00:13 1.3M application/zip
td55.zip 2006-Nov-28 12:24:23 509.5K application/zip
[WayBack] tron130r.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:37:35 31.3K application/zip
turbo_pascal_701_fr.zip 2006-Nov-28 09:55:06 1.8M application/zip
[WayBack] ucfcup34.zip 2007-Aug-17 16:37:38 48.9K application/zip
[WayBack] valgrind-2.0.0.tar.bz2 2007-Aug-16 20:35:02 694.2K application/octet-stream
vmprotect.exe 2007-Aug-17 16:38:52 1.1M application/x-msdos-program
wdasm89.zip 2006-Nov-28 09:55:14 909.7K application/zip
wdasm893.zip 2006-Nov-28 09:55:00 589.2K application/zip
[WayBack] winhex.zip 2006-Nov-28 11:52:33 1.1M application/zip

and

Index of /hokuto/+ dev/doc/

Name Last Modified Size Type
Parent Directory/ – Directory
[WayBack] MIPS32_Vol1_Introduction_to_the_MIPS32_Architecture_v0.95.pdf 2006-Nov-28 10:04:46 925.7K application/pdf
[WayBack] MIPS32_Vol2_The_MIPS32_Instruction_Set_v0.95.pdf 2006-Nov-28 10:05:12 2.1M application/pdf
[WayBack] MIPSpro_N32_ABI_Handbook_(007-2816-004).pdf 2006-Nov-28 10:05:15 140.4K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_1.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:30:56 199.0K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_10.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:32:10 107.9K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_11.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:32:14 141.6K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_12.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:30:36 55.4K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_13.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:30:39 82.6K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_14.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:30:42 94.4K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_2.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:31:00 194.5K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_3.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:31:14 1.0M application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_4.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:31:29 1.2M application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_5.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:31:40 757.3K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_6.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:31:48 504.4K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_7.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:31:50 33.0K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_8.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:31:58 454.5K application/pdf
[WayBack] Win32_API_9.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:32:06 512.5K application/pdf
[WayBack] introobj.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:21:05 135.0K application/pdf
[WayBack] pe.txt 2006-Nov-28 14:39:19 78.9K text/plain
[WayBack] windowskerneloverview.pdf 2006-Nov-28 14:30:51 604.2K application/pdf

 

Full page colour advert for the Turbo Pascal 3.0 version

full two page colour advert for the Turbo Pascal 2.0 version in the 5th 1984 issue of BYTE magazine

Full page colour advert for the Turbo Pascal 2.0 version

Full page colour advert in the 1st 1984 issue of Byte Magazine

Zoomed in

With page#

Full page colour advert in the 12th 1983 issue of Byte Magazine

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